U.S. Census 2020

The population of the United States must be counted every ten years under the U.S. Constitution, Article 1, Section 2. The data collected determine the number of seats each state has in the U.S. House of Representatives and how hundreds of billions of federal dollars are allocated to states and localities for key programs, many of which are administered through nonprofits. Adequate funding for the Census Bureau to perform the task is imperative to ensure a fair and accurate count. Charitable nonprofits can help ensure that hard-to-locate individuals are counted because they are trusted members of the community with direct access to many populations. The National Council of Nonprofits is concerned that without an accurate count billions of dollars will not flow to where resources are most needed to help communities. Our statement to Congress explains the significance of an accurate count.

Why It Matters

Results of the U.S. 2020 Census will influence individuals, communities, governments, for-profit entities, and nonprofit organizations throughout the next decade. Data obtained will inform decision makers in all sectors and lead to allocation of political power and financial resources. If the data are wrong, there will be inequitable distribution of resources for basic community needs, such as education, food and income security, health care, housing, transportation, and much more. The allocation of $600 billion in federal funds hinges annually on the decennial data, including funding for state and local governments, as well as for nonprofits to deliver services to individuals and communities. Key programs that receive funding specifically from federal grants include the National School Lunch program, Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC), Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP), Medicaid, Child Care and Development Block Grant (CCDBG), Head Start, and Early Head Start.

Where We Stand

“Budget decisions at all levels of government are often based on census data. It is imperative that the federal government adequately fund the 2020 United States Census to ensure that the process for counting residents across the nation is fair and complete. The National Council of Nonprofits opposes inclusion of a citizenship question on the 2020 Census questionnaire because of the likelihood that, among other things, it will suppress participation and lead to an unfair, inaccurate, and incomplete count. ... In 2020, the U.S. Census Bureau will conduct the decennial census pursuant to the enumeration clause of the U.S. Constitution. A fair, accurate, and complete count of all persons is important for our democratic institutions as the census determines how representatives are apportioned among the several stats, as well as how hundreds of billions of federal dollars are allocated to states and localities for key programs, many of which are administered through charitable organizations. Undercounts of individuals and demographic groups that charitable nonprofits serve can lead to inadequate representation and funding, which in turn put more pressure on nonprofits and foundations, state and local governments, and businesses in undercounted areas to do even more to address unmet needs. The National Council of Nonprofits believes that it and all charitable nonprofits have a significant stake and role to play in ensuring that all residents are counted as part of the 2020 Census.”

Public Policy Agenda

What Nonprofits Can Do / Take Action

Nonprofits are encouraged to engage and help ensure a fair, accurate, and complete count, particularly in hard-to-count areas. Several ways to engage on the issue include:

• Convene and educate community leaders and other stakeholders, including the media, about the Census.
• Identify and partner with organizations and community stakeholders that are already connected to hard-to-count communities and have built strong relationships and trust.
• Advocate to federal, state, and local lawmakers for funding to support census outreach efforts.
• Work with state, county, tribal, and local government leaders to create and engage in Complete Count Committees (volunteer committees of government and community leaders from different sectors established to increase awareness about the census and promote participation).
• Connect to national hubs (e.g., Census Project) that are providing resources to learn more about and engage in census advocacy.
• Use the Census Project toolkits to take action.

Status

On March 26, 2018, the U.S. Commerce Department announced that a question on citizenship status will be reinstated to the 2020 decennial census questionnaire. The stated reason for adding the controversial question is to help enforce the Voting Rights Act (VRA) according to a news release and memorandum supporting the decision. The California Attorney General announced on March 27, 2018 that he filed a lawsuit challenging the inclusion of the citizenship question as an “unconstitutional attempt to disrupt an accurate Census count.” Since then, several more lawsuits have been filed, most pertaining to the constitutionality of the citizenship question. On July 25, 2018, a federal judge permitted a lawsuit to proceed filed by the State of New York representing 17 states, six cities, the U.S. Conference of Mayors, and several immigrant rights advocacy groups. The U.S. Supreme Court heard oral arguments on the census citizenship question on April 23, 2019, and is expected to issue a decision by mid-June. The National Council of Nonprofits attended the Supreme Court oral arguments, and, joined by the National Human Services Assembly and YWCA USA, submitted an amicus brief to the U.S. Supreme Court in opposition of inclusion of a citizenship question on the census. As of April 2019, three federal judges overseeing the lawsuits in California, Maryland, and New York have all opposed the addition of the citizenship question.

The omnibus spending bill provides a $1.34 billion increase for the Census Bureau to help prepare for the 2020 count. This was double the President’s budget, which advocates cautioned would only keep the Bureau on “life support.” A bipartisan group of 161 mayors had called on the Administration to provide “adequate funding, qualified Census Bureau leadership, and a full rejection of untested questions that threatens to undermine census preparations and accuracy.”

The House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform scheduled a hearing on May 8, 2018 to examine the Census Bureau's progress during the 2018 end-to-end test and examine ongoing preparations for the 2020 decennial census. 

Recent News

• Amid Concerns, Census Begins Testing Citizenship Question This Week, Governing, June 14, 2019.
• House panel votes to hold attorney general, commerce secretary in contempt over census probe, the next step toward a court battle, Washington Post, June 12, 2019.
• 'We have a responsibility': Whitmer encourages accurate Michigan census, Fox2, June 11, 2019.
• Where a citizenship question could cause the census to miss millions of Hispanics – and why that’s a big deal, Washington Post, June 6, 2019.
• House committee to vote on holding Barr and Ross in contempt for failing to provide documents related to 2020 Census citizenship question, Washington Post, June 3, 2019. 
• As 2020 Census Looms, Citizenship Question Isn't the Only Concern, Governing, June 1, 2019.
• Despite Trump administration denials, new evidence suggests census citizenship question was crafted to benefit white Republicans, Washington Post, May 30, 2019.
• States and Cities Need Accurate Census Count, State Net Capitol Journal, May 17, 2019.
• Figuring Out Exactly Where Hard-to-Count People Live, Route Fifty, May 17, 2019.
• The Supreme Court, the Census Case and the Truth, New York Times, May 9, 2019.
• States spend big on make-or-break 2020 census, Roll Call, May 9, 2019.
• State warns of Republican National Committee mailer imitating Census survey, Independent Record, May 9, 2019.
• Census offices are being cut across the country - and California is losing 24, The Sacramento Bee, May 8, 2019.
• As 2020 census nears, groups work to ensure accurate numbers in hard-to-count Alaska, Anchorage Daily News, May 6, 2019.
• Census preview in Waukegan warns residents that 'you don't exist' when failing to participate, Lake County News-Sun (Illinois), April 24, 2019.
• Supreme Court divided on citizenship question for census, Politico, April 23, 2019.
• The Four Pinocchio claim at the center of the census citizenship question, Washington Post, April 22, 2019.
• Will the Census Count All of America?, New York Times, April 20, 2019.
• Everyone Counts: How Nonprofits Can Help Ensure a Full 2020 Census Count, Barr Foundation blog, April 19, 2019. 
• Appeal To Census Lawsuit Ruling Adds Uncertainty To Citizenship Question's Fate, NPR, April 17, 2019.
• The 2020 Census: Midland County board hears about online plans, Midland Daily News (Michigan), April 18, 2019.
• Nonprofits and neighborhoods threatened by census undercount, Crain's New York Business, April 11, 2019.
• 3rd Judge Rejects Census Citizenship Question as US Supreme Court Date Looms, April 8, 2019.
• Some Muslim Immigrants Distrust Census in Trump Era, Pew Charitable Trusts, April 8, 2019.
• Complete census crucial for Michigan's future, The Detroit News, April 4, 2019.
• Why Florida needs an accurate census count in 2020, Tampa Bay Times, April 4, 2019.
• You'll complete the 2020 census online. Florida nonprofits warn that may be an issue., Bradenton Herald, March 2, 2019.
• How the Census Will Reach the New Urban Millennials, Pew Charitable Trusts, February 13, 2019.
• Census Prep Vital to States' Power - Why Some Could Miss Out, Pew Charitable Trusts, January 31, 2019.
• A Better Count, Governing, January 2019
• Donna Murray-Brown: Making sure immigrants are counted in the 2020 Census, Crain's Detroit Business, December 16, 2018.
• Can There Be a Citizenship Question on the 2020 Census? A Judge Will Soon Rule, New York Times, November 27, 2018.
• With 2020 Census Looming, Governments Face Many Unknowns, Governing, November 2018.
• U.S. Census Bureau, nonprofits team up to prepare for 2020 census, Click On Detroit, September 24, 2018.
• 2020 Census: Congressional Seats, Federal Funds at Risk, USNews, August 28, 2018.
• Nonprofits Already Eyeing 2020 Census, $800 Billion at Stake, The Non Profit Times, June 6, 2018.
• Why the 2020 Census Matters to Nonprofits, Nonprofit Knowledge Matters, National Council of Nonprofits, May 23, 2018.
• Communities rely on nonprofits; nonprofits rely on accurate census, The Provider, Providers' Council, May 2018.
• Opposing a Citizenship Question in the 2020 Census, Nonprofit Advocacy Matters, National Council of Nonprofits, April 16, 2018.
• Here's Why an Accurate Census Count Is So Important, New York Times, March 28, 2018.
• Omnibus Spending Bill Released, Nonprofit Advocacy Matters Special Edition, National Council of Nonprofits, March 24, 2018.
• Increasing Ruckus Over the 2020 Census, Nonprofit Advocacy Matters, National Council of Nonprofits, February 20, 2018.
• 2020 Census, Nonprofit Advocacy Matters, National Council of Nonprofits, February 5, 2018.
• Tinkering with the Census 2020, Nonprofit Advocacy Matters, National Council of Nonprofits, January 8, 2018.
• Census 2020 – Nonprofits, Tell Local Government to Sign Up, Nonprofit Advocacy Matters, National Council of Nonprofits, December 11, 2017.
• 2020 Vision, Nonprofit Advocacy Matters, National Council of Nonprofits, September 18, 2017.
• The 2020 Census is in Trouble and Needs Our Help, Nonprofit Quarterly, September 7, 2017.

General Resources

• About the Census, United State Census Bureau
• Census Partnerships, United State Census Bureau
• Community Outreach Toolkit, U.S. Census Bureau
• Response Outreach Area Mapper (ROAM), National Conference of State Legislatures
• NCSL Census Resources and Legislation, National Conference of State Legislatures
• The Census Project, a broad-based network of national, state, and local organizations that supports a fair and accurate 2020 Census and comprehensive American Community Survey (ACS)
• Ensuring Good Census Data, Foraker (AK)
• 2020 Census: Resources for Nonprofits, Massachusetts Nonprofit Network
• Massachusetts Census Equity Fund 2020, consortium of Massachusetts nonprofits
• Census Policy Advocacy Network, consortium of California nonprofits
• Be Counted Michigan 2020, Michigan Nonprofit Association
• Everyone Counts: How 2020 Census Data Matter to Your Bottom Line, National Association of Counties
• Overview of the 2020 Census and the American Community Survey, The Leadership Conference
• Area Profiles and Dashboards, State Data Center (SDC) Clearinghouse
• Why Does the Census Matter to Nonprofits?, Washington Nonprofits, May 18, 2018
• States Taking Action to Ensure Complete 2020 Census Count, State Net Capitol Journal, May 17, 2019 
• 2020 Census: Actions Needed to Address Challenges to Enumerating Hard-to-Count Groups, Government Accountability Office, publicly released August 27, 2018
• Counting for Dollars 2020: The Role of the Decennial Census in the Geographic Distribution of Federal Funds, GW Institute of Public Policy, March 19, 2018
• Learning about the 2020 Census, Idaho Nonprofit Center, March 7, 2018
• DANA's Mission Minute: CENSUS 2020, Delaware Alliance for Nonprofit Advancement, April 10, 2019
• Forefront (IL) Announces New Democracy Initiative, Forefront (IL), January 19, 2018
• Why a Fair and Accurate Census Matters to Thriving Private and Public Sectors, The Leadership Conference Education Fund, July 2018
• 2018 KIDS COUNT Data Book, Annie E. Casey Foundation

Hard to Count Resources

• Mapping Hard to Count Communities for a Fair and Accurate 2020 Census, Hard to Count 2020 Interactional Map, City University of New York
• Breakdown of Hard to Count Population Costs (excel spreadsheet), Center for Urban Research at The Graduate Center / CUNY, the Fiscal Policy Institute, State Voices, and The Leadership Conference Education Fund 
• Preparing for the 2020 Census: Estimating Outreach Costs for Hard-to-Count Communities, Center for Urban Research at The Graduate Center / CUNY, the Fiscal Policy Institute, State Voices, and The Leadership Conference Education Fund

Funding and Communication Resources

• 2020 Census Action Kit for Nonprofits, Washington Nonprofits
• Census 2020 Toolkits, Florida Nonprofit Alliance
• Census Day of Action, Census Counts 2020
• Stakeholder Toolkit, The Census Project
• Funding the Census, Brennan Center for Justice
• FY 2018 and FY 2019 Funding for the 2020 Census, The Census Project, February 2018
• Recommended FY 2020 Appropriation for the 2020 Census: The Stakeholder Case for Sufficient, On-Time Funding, Terri Ann Lowenthal, Consultant, March 27, 2019

Citizenship Question Resources

• Brief of National Council of Nonprofits, National Human Services Assembly, and YWCA USA as Amici Curiae in Support of Respondents, Supreme Court of the United States, April 1, 2019
• Department of Commerce v. New York Docket, U.S. Supreme Court
• Schatz leads group of 13 Senators in calling for investigations into Trump Administration efforts to undercount minority communities, politicize 2020 Census, press release, Sen. Schatz (D-HI), May 31, 2019
• Citizenship Question Packs Supreme Court for Oral Arguments, National Council of Nonprofits blog, April 29, 2019
• 2020 Census Resource Page, Brennan Center for Justice
• Annotated Guide to the Amicus Briefs in the Supreme Court's Citizenship Question Case, Brennan Center for Justice, April 11, 2019
• Census Citizenship Question Decision, Minnesota Council of Nonprofits
• Factsheet: Citizenship and Legal Status Questions on the 2020 Census: Preventing a Decennial Disaster, Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights, January 1, 2018

Statements and Letters to Congress

• Letter to the House Appropriations Committee on Full Funding of the 2020 Census, National Council of Nonprofits, May 16, 2018
• Letter to Chairman Gowdy, Together SC, May 11, 2018.
• Statement to the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, National Council of Nonprofits, May 8, 2018
• Statement to the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, CT Community Nonprofit Alliance, May 7, 2018
• Letter to Congressman Cummings, Maryland Nonprofits, May 7, 2018